雷蒙·阿隆对意识形态的批判

On Raymond Aron's Criticisms of the Ideology

在20世纪意识形态争论中,雷蒙·阿隆对意识形态的批判是最具代表性的理论之一。本文论述了他从哲学、社会科学方法论、政治学、社会学等层面对左派意识形态所做的批判,即他对意识形态的定义,以或然决定论拒斥历史决定论,强调社会科学客观性的限度,揭示意识形态的虚假性以及预言意识形态的终结。在结论中,本文指出了雷蒙·阿隆思想中的矛盾之处,并结合当前我国现实对意识形态终结的含义进行了辩证的分析。

Raymond Aron＇s criticisms of the ideology, among the ideological debates in 20th century, are one of the most important theories. This essay discusses his criticisms of the ideology of the Left on philosophical, social science methodological, political and sociological levels, that is, his concept of ideology, his substituting probabilistic determinism for historical determinism, his emphasis on the limit of the objectivity of social science, his disclosing the falsity of the ideology, and his prophecy of the end of ideologies. In the conclusion, this essay points out the tension of his thought, and dialectically analyses the meaning of the end of ideologies in the context of China today.