《朱子语类》中的让步连词“虽”及相关问题

Usage of “sui”(虽) and Relevant Problems in Zhu Zi Yu Lei

让步连词“虽”在古代汉语中具有表示实让(虽然)和虚让(即使)两种功能,汉语发展中区分和分化这两种功能涉及三种方法:复合组词、语法关联和由语用关联形成结构意义。这三种方法分别涉及实词语法化、虚词语法化和语用搭配结构意义的语法化三类演化机制。本文以对《朱子语类》中相关语法现象的定量统计为基础,讨论汉语史上通过这三种方法产生的语法形式。

The concessive conjunction “sui” has two usages in ancient Chinese language： concession and subjunctive concession. Three ways to discriminate these two usages were developed during the evolvement of Chinese language： compound word, grammatical conjunction and structural meaning formed by pragmatic conjunction. Those three ways are separately related to three trends： grammaticalization of substantives, grammaticalization of function words and grammaticalization of pragmatic matching structural meaning. This article bases its analysis on the quantitative statistics and discusses the grammatical forms originated from these three trends in the history of Chinese language evolvement.