《论语》“其N”结构中“其”的语义推衍

The Semantic Deducing of qi(其) in the Structure of "其N" in The Confucian Analects

《论语》“其N”结构中的“其”大体上都起指代作用,也有的进一步虚化。“其”的功能与具体指代对象都是可以推定的。首先,“其”起指代作用有一定的作用域。作用域则随“其N”在句中的位置及其与谓词的语义关系发生变化。其次,在确定作用域后,“其”的具体指代遵循五大原则:同层原则,整体原则,就近原则,直指原则,同类原则。在作用域与五大原则的制约下,“其N”结构中的每一个“其”的功能与具体指代都具有唯一性。

Most qi （其） in The Confucian Analects are demonstrative pronouns, some of which evolved themselves into form words. And the function and the referent of qi（其） can be deduced. First, in the situation of refer ence, qi（其） have specified rang which changes with the location of qi（其） in the sentence, the semantics connection between “其N” and the predicate. Second, the referent of qi（其） are defined by the five principles- entirety, same level, same type, near reference and direct reference. Under the specified rang and the five principles every function and reference of qi（其） is unique.