碳纳米管和几种纳米颗粒材料的安全性研究进展

Study process of the safety of nanomaterials

目的本文对产生纳米毒性的原理进行了分析,对该领域的研究给予展望和建议。方法综述了几种纳米材料(单壁碳纳米管、纳米颗粒、纳米磁性材料、纳米红色元素硒等)的现有生物效应和毒理学研究,分析了纳米材料粒径与剂量对纳米毒性的影响,当粒径减小到一定程度原本无毒或毒性较小的材料也显示出毒性或者毒性增强。结果纳米材料可以经过肺血屏障和皮肤进入体内,巨噬细胞的消除功能开始下降,造成纳米物质在体内的聚集可能导致毒性的产生,且粒径越小其吞噬能力越小,但是仅凭这些现象尚不能确定其真正原因。结论新的安全评价体系的建立对于纳米材料的应用至关重要。

Objective The biological effect and toxicity of several nanomaterials （single-wall carbon nanotubes, nanoparticle, magnetic nanomaterial et al.） were summarized. Some suggestions to this field were put forward. Methods The impact on the toxicity caused by the diameter and the dose was analyzed. The nontoxic material became toxic or the toxicity enhanced when the granularity was little enough. The reason why the nanomaterials were toxic was analyzed. Results The nanoparticles were congregated because the function that the macrophages could eliminate the eyewinker declined and so that the materials showed the toxicity. But this had not been confirmed. Conclusion It was significant to establish a new system to evaluate the safety of nanomaterials.