稀土、铌对重轨钢铸、轧态组织与性能的影响

Effect of Rare Earths and Niobium on Casting and Hot-Rolling Structure and Properties of Heavy Rail Steels

对比研究了BNbRE与U71Mn重轨钢连铸方坯的组织和常规力学性能;通过测量硬度,揭示了接近共析成分的重轨钢连铸坯结晶组织的变化特征。采用金相和SEM等手段,对BNbRE钢和BNb钢热轧轨的轨头、轨腰和轨底角3种部位的组织和夹杂进行了观测,发现实验钢的铸坯有3个硬度恒值区和3个硬度变化区,U71Mn钢的铸坯里有可观的P共晶组织;未加稀土的BNb钢轨夹杂物,有轨头和轨底为氧化物和轨腰MnS居多的分布特征等。文章得出,加稀土不仅改善和细化了钢的铸、轧态组织,改变了夹杂物,还明显地减少了硬度变化结晶区尺寸及其硬度值的变化幅度,有效地抑制和甚至消除了磷共晶组织。

A compared investigation was made on the microstructure and mechanical properties of continuous casting square blanks of BNbRE and U71Mn heavy rail steels having eutectoid composition. The variation of solidified structure of the square blanks was demonstrated by measuring hardness. The observation to the structure and inclusions in the head, waist and base of the hot-rolled rails of the test steels were carried out with optical microscope and SEM. It is found that the casting blanks of both tested steels compose of three areas with constant hardness and three hardness varying areas, and there is considerable P-eutectic structure in the blank of the U71Mn steel. The distribution of the inclusions in the U71Mn steel rail is mainly oxides in both rail head and rail base, and is mainly MnS in the waist of the rail. It is obtained that the addition of rare earths to the steel not only improves and thins down the casting and rolling structure, modifies the inclusion, but also decreases obviously both the size of hardness varying areas of crystallization and the varying amplitude of their hardness value, and inhibits effectively or eliminates P-eutectic structure as well.