宁国县马尾松林土壤动物和松叶蜂生态学研究

ECOLOGICAL RESTUDY SERCH ON SOIL ANIMALS AND GILPINIA LIPUENSIS OF PINUS MASSONIANA IN LINGUO COUNTY

探讨了马尾松林土壤动物和松叶蜂的组成、数量、分布及其与环境的关系。结果表明：森林郁闭度大，林下灌木、草本植物缺少的林地土壤动物组成贫乏、数量少；植被结构复杂的中龄林比幼龄林土壤动物丰富多样；坡麓土壤动物比坡中、坡顶多。只发现宁国县马尾松林中有１种松叶蜂，叫荔蒲古松叶蜂ＧｉｌｐｉｎｉａｌｉｐｕｅｎｓｉｓＸｉａｅｔＨｕａｎｇ，天敌４种：青蜂Ｃｌｅｐｔｅｓｓｐ．瘤角姬蜂Ｐｌｅｏｌｏｐｈｕｓｓｐ．，除姬蜂Ｏｌｅｓｉｃａｍｐｅｓｐ．和选择盆地寄蝇Ｂｅｓｓａｓｅｌｅｃｔａｆｕｇａｘｒｏｎｄａｎｉ。天敌羽化率占总羽化率的５７．５％，叶蜂占４２．５％。空茧量占总茧量６０．６７％。松叶蜂发生与危害程度与气温、降水量、地形以及马尾松林的分布、树龄、林相结构等关系十分密切。

In this paper, the composition,quantity, distribution of soil animals and Gilpinia lipuensis of Pinus massoniana and their relation with ecologic environment were studied. The result showed that if the canopy density of forest was big, the woodland was lack of shrub and herb, the composition and quantity of soil animals were poor and small, that the kind of soil animal was richer in middle-aged forest which had more complicated vegetation than that in young growth, and that soil animals were more at the foot of a hill than at the middle or top of it. Only one species of sawfly was found in Pinus massonianastand, that was Gilpinia lipuensis Xiao et Huang. Four species of natural enemy were found here, they were Cleptes sp. Pleolophus sp. Olesicampe sp. and Bessa selecta fugax Rondani. The parasitic rate of natural enemies accounted for 57. 5 per cent of the total emergance rate, the sawfly only made up 42. 5 percent. The quantity of empty cocoons amounted to 60. 67 percent of the total cocoons. The occurrence and degree of damage of Gilpinia lipuensis had close relations with temperature, precipitation, topography, distribution of Pinus massoniana, age of forest and structure of forest form.