2Poldermans D,Boersma E,Bax JJ,et al.The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery.Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography Study Group[J].N Engl J Med,1999;341:1789.
3Mangano DT,Layug EL,Wallace A,et al.Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery.Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group[J].N Engl J Med,1996;335:1713.
2Zaugg M, Schaub MC, Pasch T, et al. Modulation of β-adrenergic receptor subtype activities in perioperative medicine: mechanisms and sites of action. Br J Anaesth,2002,88:101-123.
3Soriano JB, Hoes AW, Meems L, et al. Increased survival with Betablockers: importance of ancillary properties. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 1997,39: 445 -456.
4Temsah RM, Dyck C, Netticadan T, et al. Effect of Beta-adrenoceptor blockers on sarcoplasmic reticular functiom and gene expression in the ischemic-reperfused heart. J Phacmacol Exp Ther,2000,293:15-23.
5Yeager rA, Moneta GL, Edwards JM, et al. Reducing perioperative myocardial infarction following vascular surgery. The potential role of Betablockade. Arch Surg, 1995,130: 869-872.
6Wallace A, Layug B, Tateo I, et al. Prophylactic atenolol reduces postoperative myocardial ischemia. McSPI Research Group. Anesthesiology,1998,88:7-17.
7Raby KE, Brull SJ, Timimi F, et al. The effect of heart rate control on myocardial ischemia among high-risk patients after vascular surgery.Anesth Analg, 1999,88:477-482.
8Jones KG, Powell JT. Slowing the heart saves lives:advantages of perioperative β-blockade. Br J Surg,2000,87:689-690.
9Poldermans D, Boersma E, Bax JJ, et al. The effect of bisoprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery, N Engl J Med, 1999,341:1789-1794.
10Urban MK, Markowitz SM, Gordon MA, et al. Post-operative prophylactive administration of beta-adrenergic blockers in patients at risk for myocardial ischemia. Anesth Analg,2000,90:1257-1261.
5Rtledge DR, Garrick C. Determination of metoprolol and its a-Hydroxide metabolite in serum by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography[J].J Chromatogr Sci, 1989,27(9) :561.
6Howell S J, Sear YM, Yeates D, et al.Risk factors for card- chovascular death after elective surgery under general ana- ethesta[J].Br JAnaesth, 1998,80( 1 ) : 14.
7Allman KG, muir AD, HWell S J, et al, resistant hyperten- tion and preoperative silent myocarchal ishemia in surgi- cal patients[J].Br JAnaesth, 1998,80 (1) : 14.
8Stuhmeier KD, Maizer B, Cierpka J, et al.smalloral dose of clonidine reduce the incidence of intraoperative myo- carchal ischemia in surgical patients having vascular sur- gery[J].Aneshesiology, 1996,85 (4) : 706.
9Poldermans D, Boersma E, Bax JJ, et al. The effect ofbi- soprolol on perioperative mortality and myocardial infarc- tion in high- risk patients undergoing vascular surgery. [J]. NEngIJMed, 1999,341(24) : 1 789.
10Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, et al. Effect of aten- olol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after non- cardiac surgery[J]. N Engl J Med, 1996,335 ( 23 ) : 1 713.