超临界流体萃取分馏技术在俄罗斯渣油分离中的应用

Application of Supercritical Fluids Extraction and Fractionation in Russian Residua Separation

随着石油资源的紧缺和重质化,对石油渣油的深入研究和加工迫在眉睫。但渣油的组成、结构复杂,缺乏一种有效的分析手段。使用超临界丙烷、戊烷为溶剂,在较低温度条件下,将俄罗斯常压、减压渣油进行超临界流体萃取分离,切割成16￣17个窄馏份,切割深度达到原油的97.88%。分析了各个馏分的性质变化规律,并与资料中的多种减压渣油数据对比,证明超临界流体萃取馏份的性质变化规律明显,与实沸点蒸馏具有很好的一致性。

The utilization of residua, the dominant part of oil, is extremely urgent and near with shortage and heavier tendency of crude oil There is a lack of efficient method for characterizing the residua eomplex. Emphasizes on utilization of surpereritieal fluid extraction and fraetionation （SFEF） method to separate the Russian Residua by lower alkane such as propane and pentane thereof as solvent and by means of increasing the operation pressure linearly with a fixed temperature distribution. The residua were separated into 16-17 narrow fractions and a good yield up to 97.88 percent of crude oil was extracted. The characterization of these narrow fractions was also discussed. The properties of subfraetions were found varying with yields regularly and also in good agreement with that of simulated distillation.