江苏王港海岸湿地的围垦现状及湿地资源可持续利用

Reclamation of Coastal Wetlands and Sustainable Utilization of Wetland Resources:A Case Study from Wanggang,Jiangsu Province

海岸湿地是全球生物生产量最高的生态系统之一,具有极高的资源开发价值和环境调节功能。王港地区是江苏沿海盐沼湿地发育的典型地区之一,随着盐沼湿地围垦的进行,湿地面积减少,环境退化。为了实现盐沼湿地资源的可持续利用,必须改变盐沼湿地开发利用的方式,发展科学的、有利于生态环境健康发展的产业,如开辟科研基地保护区、发展花卉、草坪业、滩涂生态旅游业、建立盐沼林牧复合生态系统、实行盐沼湿地的综合管理等,同时,还要严格执行相关的法律法规。

Wetlands are found in vegetated lowland areas,with depressions in landscape, between water and dry land along the edges of streams,rivers,lakes and coastlines.Coastal wetlands contain rich values in ecosystem goods and services;they are habitats for many birds and unique halophyte flora,sustaining the productivity of estuarine and tidal flat ecosystems and representing important nutrient sinks.Both directly and indirectly,they support large,often rapidly growing, human populations in coastal hinterlands.As one of the most typical areas of coastal wetland evolution,the wetland area at Wanggang is being reduced and the ecological environment is degrading,in response to reclamation of the coastal wetlands.Some 74.1km^2 of wetlands at Wanggang have been reclaimed since the 1970s,and the main type of salt marsh vegetation remained was Spartina alterniflora,which was introduced into the Wanggang coastal area in the early 1990s for the purpose of coastal protection and accretion.Field observations show that a large number of aves and gray-cranes were forced to migrate and some part of new dikes was subjected to erosion due to intense reclamation of salt marshes.In order to achieve sustainable utilization of the wetland resources,it is necessary to change the utilization pattern of the wetland resources,adopting a scientific strategy of development that favors a healthy ecological environment.For instance, development activities should be associated with reserve of scientific research,industry of flower and lawn production,eco-tourism of tidal wetlands,integrated silvopastoral system,integrated management of tidal salt marshes, and the establishment of a legislation system.