港口布局中的岸线资源评价与生态敏感性分析——以长江干流南京段为例

Waterfront Resources Evaluation and Eco-sensitivity Analysis in Distributing Ports Along the Yangtze River Mainstream in Nanjing

以长江干流岸线南京段为例,首先从港口布局对岸线资源条件的要求入手,选取岸线稳定性、岸线前沿水深两个主要因子,确定评价指标体系,划分科学合理的评价单元,对岸线资源进行评价,将其划分为一、二、三级;其次根据岸线承担功能的重要程度及其对港口布局的生态敏感性的大小,将岸线划分为生态敏感岸段、生态较敏感岸段和生态不敏感岸段;最后综合考虑岸线资源条件和生态敏感性,以生态保护优先为原则,确定不同岸段港口布局的取向,将其划分为港口优先布局岸段、港口有条件布局岸段、港口从缓布局岸段、禁止港口布局岸段。

As a land/water ecotone,waterfront of rivers is not only an important part of land resources with muhifunction,such as port,water supply,recreation,landscape,urban image,biodiversity conservation,etc.,but also significant in protecting environment,so it is necessary to rationally exploit and utilize waterfront of rivers.The rational distribution of ports is the principal task because it can degrade environment more violently than other functions of waterfront.Taking the waterfront resources along the Yangtze River mainstream in Nanjing as an example,based on scientific and reasonable division of reverbank cell and evaluation index system with two primary evaluating factors such as stability of waterfront and water depth within 100 m from 0 m isobath, this paper,starting with the demands of ports distribution for waterfront resource condition,firstly evaluates waterfront resource condition and divides them into three grades.The first waterfront is steady or scoured slightly but not deposited with a water depth under 8 m,the expansive water route width and water-behind land width satisfied the need of the ships with a tonnage of ten thousand tons or more.The second Waterfront is scoured or deposited slightly with a water depth of 5-8m,the expansive water route width and water-behind land width satisfied the need of the ships with a tonnage of one thousand tons or more.The third waterfront is scoured or deposited violently with a water depth above 5m,incommodious water route width or water-behind land width only satisfied the need of the ships with a tonnage of les than one thousand tons.Secondly, according to the extent of the significane of the waterfront functions and the magnitude of ecosensitivity of waterfront resources to the＇ distribution of ports,this paper classifies the waterfront resources into three different types： （1）the waterfront sensitive region,including waterfront from 500m upward from the water intake to 500 m downward from the water intake,the biodiversity waterfront,the waterfront for the use of controlling stability of river regime,the waterfront being located in the city and the landscape waterfront;（2）the waterfront less sensitive region,including waterfront within 0.5-2.5 km upward from the water intake,waterfront within 0.5-2.5 km downward from the water intake and 2 km waterfront upward from the biodiversity waterfront, 2km waterfront downward from the biodiversity waterfront; （3）the waterfront non-sensitive region, including else waterfront.Finally,on the basis of taking waterfront resources condition and sensitivity of waterfront into account and giving priority to ecological protection,this paper puts forward orientation of distributing ports in waterfront of the Yangtze River mainstream in Nanjing,and the waterfront resources are classified into four kinds： （1）the waterfront for the use of preferential distribution of ports,which is the first grade or the second grade,non-sensitive region;（2）the waterfront for the use of conditional distribution of ports,which is the first grade or the second grade,less sensitive region; （3）waterfront for the use of potential distribution of ports, which is the third grade,non-sensitive region; and （4）the waterfront for the use of inhibitive distribution of ports,which comprises both the third grade,less sensitive region and the sensitive region.