论作为“德性”的医学职业道德

The Ethics of Virtues in Medical Professional Moral

规范伦理学是一种重要的道德理论形式,当前的医学伦理学体系普遍以规范伦理学作为基础。但是,这种道德理论在有效指导医学职业道德实践的同时,也显出一定的局限性。这种局限性主要表现为道德规范间的内部冲突性和道德要求的绝对性,这使医务人员的医疗实践经常处于两难之中,并会影响到他们的职业热情。德性伦理学以其不同的学术视野为我们完善医学伦理学体系提供了另外的理论空间。德性精神的内在统一性、稳定性和灵活性使其成为规范伦理的有益补充。如果我们想使一种以“仁爱”和“正义”精神为核心的医学德性在医务人员身上得到普遍化的实现,就需要我们深入反思我们的医学职业道德教育形式并努力建设一个良好的外部环境。相信在医学德性伦理得到普遍实现的时候,我国医疗领域的职业道德状况将得到很大改善。

Normative ethics is an important ethic theory that has been applied in contemporary medical ethics as principles and rules. Normative ethics can guide the doctors and the nurses to do a right behavior in medical practice effectively, but at the same time it has some limitation. Those limitation are mainly about a conflict from different moral norms and a demand for too perfect moral realm, which make the doctors and the nurses often meet a moral dilemma, and sometimes their working enthusiasm would be dampened. Virtues ethics is a different ethic theory that has some advantage such as consistence, stability and flexibility, so it can give us a more wide space of mind to perfect our medical moral theory. If we wish benevolence, justice and other virtues come true widely in medical practice, we should to rethink our professional moral education and to set a series of good rules and regulations. I believe our country＇ s doctors and nurses would take shape a prevalent professional virtue when virtue ethics have been accepted as a important ethic theory.