苍耳的研究与应用

The Studying and Utilization of Xanthium sibiricum Patr

通过对苍耳的研究进展及其药用价值、油料用途、生态等几个方面的应用现状进行阐述分析,发现苍耳药用价值很高,能有效调节免疫、抗氧化和抑菌,治疗鼻科等疾病效果突出;苍耳籽仁富含油脂和蛋白质,含人体所必需的不饱和脂肪酸-亚油酸,含量高达65.9%,油酸含量可达20.8%;苍耳粕含蛋白可达58.0%,去毒后可制成饲料。同时,苍耳对Mn、Cu、B、P、Pb等矿物质具有较强的富集能力较强;而且苍耳的自散布和适应能力强,可作为特殊地段的恢复植物,实现治理环境与资源充分利用的双重功效,但由于人们对苍耳的研究与关注较少,还没有充分认识到苍耳的特殊作用,而往往把苍耳当作杂草而除掉,严重丧失了苍耳巨大的应用价值。因而苍耳有待于进一步研究与开发,以实现资源的合理综合利用和可持续发展。

This article comprehensively elaborates the current application situation of Xanthium sibiricum Patr. in the aspects of medical value, oil use, ecology, etc., finding that Xanthium sibiricum Patr. has a high medical value, able to regulate immunity, anti-oxidant ,restraining bacteria and effectively treat rhinopathy. Fructus Xanthii is rich in oil and protein, containing the unsaturated fatty acid-linoleic acid, about 65.9%, which is essential to our human body, and oleic acid, about 20.8%. It＇s meal contains protein up to 58.0%, which can be made fodder after removing the poisonous contents. Meanwhile, Xanthium sibiricum Patr. has a good ability of bioaccumulating mineral substances such as Mn, Cu, B, P, Pb, etc., spreading around and adapting itself to the environment. So it can be a kind of recovery plant in the special land to realize its double effects of improving the environment and making full use of resources. But people pay less attention to Xanthium sibiricum Patr. and do little resesch, having not fully realized the special uses of it yet .So they regard it as weeds to remove, making it lose its great practical value. Therefore, Xanthium sibiricum Patr. awaits further reseach and development, in order to realize rational comprehensive utilization of resources and sustainable of development.