家庭精神环境对4～5岁儿童行为问题影响的通径分析

Path analysis on association between family psyche environment and behavior development in children aged 4-5 -year-old.

【目的】探讨家庭精神环境对4～5岁儿童行为问题发生的影响,为有针对性地采取措施降低儿童行为问题发生率提供依据。【方法】采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(ChildBehaviorChecklist,CBCL)和家庭环境量表(FES-CV),用分层整群抽样的方法,对青岛市10所幼儿园的600名4～5岁儿童进行调查。通径分析探讨家庭精神环境对儿童行为总分的影响。【结果】行为问题检出率为14.17%,男女童间差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。对行为总分有直接作用的因素按作用大小依次为亲密度、知识性和矛盾性,有间接作用的按作用大小依次为组织性、娱乐性、情感表达、矛盾性、控制性、亲密度、成功性、道德宗教、独立性和知识性,既有直接作用、又有间接作用的是亲密度、矛盾性和知识性。【结论】家庭精神环境对学龄前儿童行为问题的发生有影响,在进行儿童行为问题的诊断和干预时,必须重视家庭精神环境的作用。

[Objective] To study whether family psyche environment factors were associated with occurrence of behavior problems among preschool children. [Methods] 600 children aged 4～5 years in Qingdao were chosen through stratified cluster sampling. Their family psyche environment factors and bebaviordevelopment wereinvestigated with Child Behavior Checklist（CBCL） and FES-CV , Path analysis was used to probe into effects of family psyche cnvironment factors on total score of CBCL. [Results] The prevalence of behavior problems was 14.17% ,and there was obvious difference between boys and girls. The results showed that the direct factors influencing behavior total scores were cohesion, intellectual cultural orientation and conflict. The indirect factors influencing behavior scores were organizat ion, active- recreational orientation ,control, expressiveness, conflict, cohesion, achievement orientation, moralreligious emphasis,independence and intellectual-cultural orientation. Cohesion, conflict and intellectual-cuhural orientation had both direct and indirect effects on behavior total scores. [Conclusions] The family psyche environments have great effects on behavior problems of preschool children, and family psyche environments should be pay much attention. Ocurrence of behavior problems may be reduced by increasing cohesion, intellectual cultural orientation, organization, active-recreational orientation, control, expressiveness, achievement orientation, independence and decreasing conflict and moral-religious emphasis.