国企改革:从搞活国有企业转向盘活国有资产

The Reform of State-owned Enterprises: Revitalization from State-owned Enterprises to State Capital

国有企业改革,特别是国有产权改革,是我国深化经济体制改革进程中的难点问题。文章认为,以往的改革主要注重于搞活国有企业,违背了市场经济中决定企业成活率的大数定理,因而注定无法获得较高的绩效。今后要以盘活国有资产为出发点,为此,必须厘清一些基本观念,不能将国有资产流失和国有资产缩水划等号;资本的社会化可以解决困扰国企的剩余索取权问题;资本的社会化可以有效解决国企的内部治理结构问题;公有制的实现形式应该是混合所有制;社会主义公有制的优越性,主要表现在政府保证社会福利提高的层面,政府对社会控制力的加强主要体现在税收领域。

The system reform of state-owned enterprises, particularly the reform of their property rights, is the bottle-neck in the deepening of China＇s economic system reform. For the past reforms, priority was given to the revitalization of the state-owned enterprises, which, going against the DA SHU Law governing the enterprises＇ survival rate in market economy, was doomed to failure in profit improvement. The future reform, therefore, should aim at the revitalization of state assets. Consequently, we should be clear-minded enough so as to realize that erosion of states assets is by no means tantamount to assets dwindling. The socialization of capital can help us better handle the state-owned enterprises＇rights to surplus claim, thus providing an effective solution to the problem of management structure within an enterprise itself. Public ownership can only be fully attained through the adoption of a mixed ownership system. The superiority of socialist public ownership finds its best expression in the dual role of the government, namely, its improving of social welfare and its greater control over society by the means of taxation.