普通小麦T型、V型和K型细胞质雄性不育系花粉败育机理的细胞学研究

Cytological Studies on Pollen Abortion Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line of T,V and K Types in Wheat

从细胞学的角度对小麦８３（２１）３５核背景的Ｔ型、Ｖ型和Ｋ型细胞质雄性不育系的花粉败育机理进行了研究。发现三类不育系的小孢子发生过程基本正常，Ｔ型不育系的花粉主要在小孢子后期发生败育，以典败型和圆败型为主；Ｖ型不育系的花粉主要在小孢子后期至二细胞花粉期败育，以圆败型和浅染败型为主；而Ｋ型不育系的花粉主要在二细胞花粉后期至三细胞花粉期败育，以浅染败型和深染败型为主。药室合并现象普遍发生是Ｔ型不育系花药的一个突出特点，而Ｖ型和Ｋ型人育系花药各壁层的发育是正常的。核质发育关系不协调是不育系花粉败育的根本原因。细胞学观察结果可以作为不育细胞质类型划分的一项参考指标。

The pollen abortion processes of cms-T,V and K in wheat with the same nuclear background (83 (21 ) 35 ) were studied cytologically by light microscopy. It was found that the microsporogenesis of cms-T.V and K were normal. The pollens of cms-T aborted at late microspore stage,mainly in typical and spherical abortion types; those of cms-V aborted at late microspore-2-celled pollen stage, spherical abortion and light -staining abortion were the main types; while those of cms-K aborted at late 2-celled pollen- 3-celled pollen stage,light-and blackstaining abortion were the main types.The abnormal fusion of anther locules was very popular in cms-T, while the developement of anther wall layers in cms-K or cms-V was normal. The inharmonious relation between nuclear and cytoplasm is the fundamental cause of opllen abortion. The cytological observation can be used as complemental criterion for determining the types of cms.