不同水土保持措施对坡面降水再分配的影响

Effect of Different Soil and Water Conservation Measures to Rainfall Redistribution on Slope

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区地形支离破碎，坡面陡峭．天然降雨在坡面发生再分配，加剧水土流失。在坡面上实施不同的水土保持措施后，结果表明，隔坡梯田和水平梯田拦蓄降雨，就地入渗，消除了降雨再分配发生的条件。水平阶种植草灌带，迟滞缓解降水在坡面的再分配过程，连续切断坡面径流流线，抑制径流泥沙发生。坡面水土保持乔木林，蒸发蒸腾旺盛，使得坡面土壤水分过度消耗亏缺，生长迟缓，不宜上坡上山。

The topographic is fragment and the sloping face is cliff in hilly-gully area of loess plateau. It made the soil and water loss severely because the rainfall take place redistribution on sloping face. When different soil and water conservation measures have been down on sloping face, the result show terrace and interval slope terrace can retain the rainfall and raise infiltration,removed the condition of rainfall redistribution. Grasses and bushes which were planted in level bench can hinder the process of rainfall redistribution and cut down the streamline of runoff on sloping face, it resisted the runoff and silt produce. It is unfit to plant the trees of soil and water conservation on sloping face, because the evaporation and transpiration is exuberant, the soil moisture is over consumed in there and these made the trees growth very slowly.