“有漏皆苦”,荷苦前行——鲁迅、柳宗元与佛文化关系比较之三(上篇)

The Relationship betweea Lu Xun, Llu Zong-yuan and Buddhistical Culture

鲁迅、柳宗元爱好佛文化,他们研究佛文化的目的,一个为了“改造国民性”,一个为了“统合儒释”。“人生即苦”、“有漏皆苦”,既是佛教的基本教义,也是佛文化的重要特征。佛文化坚毅冷沉的宗教作风和苦修苦行的生活态度,都在鲁迅、柳宗元的身上留下了深深的烙印,并放射出夺目的人格光辉。他们一生都在肩荷人间的痛苦,挣扎迈步,奋勇前行。通过比较不难发现,鲁迅所受的人生之苦,是为民族而受“苦”。而柳宗元所受的人生之苦,固然有为国家、为人民群众着想的成份,但比较多的关注着个人的名誉、地位、家庭等,这是时代、阶级局限的必然结果。

La Xun and Liu Zong-yuan took great pleasure in Buddhistical culture. Their purposes in studying it are separately the “reforming the nationality” and the “seeking unity of scholarship”. That “life is hardship” and “all the experience is bitter”, the basic doctrine of Buddhism, are the basic features of the Buddhistieal culture. Practicing Buddhism hardly with an inflexible will and in a grim way had been branded deeply on the minds of both Lu Xun and Liu Zong-yuan and has radiated the brilliance of their moral quality. Lu Xun＇s “hardship of disappointment” was suffered for the nationality, while Lin Zong-yuan＇s both for the country and people and for his own fame, position and family, which is the result owing to the limitations of the times and their class status.