浅谈语言的逆效果

On the Converse Effect of Chinese Words

作为人类最重要的交际工具,语言的表达效果有三:真值效果、侧效果和逆效果。其中,逆效果是客观事物对立统一规律在语言运用中的反映,逆向思维是其得以产生的前提。要实现语言的逆效果,可以通过语音、词汇、语法、修辞等多种手段。语音方面,有音长、声音的高低升降、婉曲调等表现形式;词汇方面,有习惯用语、二元用语和反训三个类型;语法方面,常通过虚词、标点符号的运用及词序的不同来实现;修辞方面,逆效果的运用就更为广泛,几乎无处不在。语言的逆效果是在公众语境中获得的,它增强了汉语表意的丰富性,能突出语意,表达特别的情感意蕴和写作倾向。

As the most important means by which people communicate with each other, the Language of Chinese has three effects in its words expression： the genuine, the ambiguous and the converse. The last one is a reflection of the law of the unity of opposites upon the usage of words, which is based on the inverted thinking. The converse effect of words can be achieved in public context by means of speech sounds, words and phrases, grammar, rhetoric, etc. and enrich the ideography of the Language of Chinese.