持续发展节粮型畜牧业的挑战、优势与对策

TheChalenge,SuperiorityandCountermeasureofSustainableDovelopmentforGrain-savingAnimalHusbandry.

当前，我国人口对粮食、资源的需求和对环境的影响已形成严峻的挑战。我国资源与美国大致相同，但人口是美国的４．５倍，农业人均占有耕地０．０８公顷，为世界人均耕地的２５％，粮食总产量虽居世界第一，但人均占有量只相当于美国的２２％，饲料粮将由目前的２０％上升到２０２０年的３９％。人民生活提高对畜产品的需求也将会越来越高，今后再靠大幅度增加饲料粮来支持畜牧业的发展是十分困难的。出路在于利用和挖掘草业资源的优势与替力，大力发展以牛羊为主的节粮型畜牧业。采取的对策是：转变观念，科学决策；增加投入，增强后劲；农牧结合，相互促进；科学管理，持续发展；饲料加工，提高效益；建全体系，综合服务；控制人口。

2.TheseverechalengeinChinatodayforpopulationtofood,resourcesandenviron-menthasbeedformed.AlthoughtheamountofChina,sresourcesisroughlythesameasAmerica,s,thepopulationofChinais4.5timesasmanyasAmerica,s.ThequantityoffarmingLandperpersoninChinais0.08hectarethatisabont25%,oftheworldaverage.ThetotalgrainyieldofChinaoccupysthefirstplaceintheworld,butpercapitayieldisonlyequalto22%ofAmerica,s.Thepercentageofforagegrainin2020wilrisefrom20%to39%inChina.Furthermore,therequire-mentofpecpletolivestockproductsisgoingtobemoreandmore,soitisverydifi-culttoincreaseforagegrainbyawidemarginforthedevelopmentofamimalhus-bandry.Therefore,thewayistoutilizetheforageresources,toamaximum,tode-votemajorofortstodevelopgrainsavinganimalhusbandrymainlycomposedbysheepandcatle.Themeasurestobetakenshouldbethattochangeconceptandtomakepolicyscientificaly,toincreaseinvestmentandtostrengthenstrenuosness,tocombinestockraisingwithagricultureandtohelpeachotherforward,tomanagescientificalyandtodevelopcontinuously,toprocessforageandtoincreasebenefit,tosetupoveralsystemandtoserviceal-around,andtocontrolpopulationastoreducethepresure