宁夏水稻品质现状及其改良途径探讨

DISCUSSION ON THE PRESENT SITUATION AND REFORMING WAY OF RICE QUALITY IN NINGXIA

对我区近几年生产上应用的及新育成的水稻材料共三十余份分析表明：材料间的品质性状有明显的差异。在碾米品质性状中，整精米率变异幅度最大；在外观品质性状中，垩白面积、垩白率变异幅度最大；在蒸煮、营养品质性状中，胶稠度变异幅度最大。糙米率与精米率相关最为密切，最具有商品价值的整精米率与精米率间相关也较为密切。整精米率与垩百率、长宽比成负相关，故在水稻优质米育种工作中，应选择整精米率高，垩白率小，透明度好的类型。我区水稻品质存在的主要问题是整精米率偏低，垩白率、垩白面积较大，外观品质较差。改良这些性状，应作为我区今后水稻育种的主攻目标。

The paper analysed more than 30 varieties of rice that was applied in the production,and breeded new varieties in recent years, as a result,the difference of quality between varieties was very obvious.Among the characters of milling rice quality,the variation of rate of fine rice was the most great,the change of chalkiness and chalky rice were the most great in outward quality appearances,among cooking nutritional quality appearances the variation of adhesiveness was the most great.The relationship between rate of brown rice and rate of fine rice was close,the relation between rate of complete fine rice and rate fine rice was closer.There was a negative relation in proportion of lenth and width,rate of complete fine and chelky rice.Therefore,it must selected the varietal types of high complete fine rice and low rate of chalky rice,and of good transparency.The main probless in the rice quality of Ningxia were low rate of complese,high chalky rice and chakiness,worse outward quality appearance.Reforming these characters must take it as a main aim.