普通小麦与簇毛麦的属间杂种及其双二倍性个体的形态学和染色体配对

MORPHOLOGY AND CHROMOSOME PAIRING OF A HYBRID AND AMPHIPLOIDY INDIVIDUALS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.WITH DASYPYRUM VILLOSUM (L.) CANDARGY

通过远缘杂交和秋水仙碱溶液的加倍，获得了普通小麦（AABBD）与簇毛麦（VV）的属间杂种和五株双二倍性个体。该四倍体杂种F1（ABDV）形态类似于母本普通小麦，但也表现出穗轴易断和颖上具绒毛等簇毛麦的特征。减数分裂配对研究指出，在簇毛麦的不同基因型组合中，可能存在一个多基因系统控制部分同源染色体的配对。双二倍性个体仅有两株发育至成熟，它们皆为非整信体。一株为某一染色体的单体（2n＝55）；另一株为一自然回交的个体（Zn＝49）。不管是F1杂种或者是其双二倍性个体，减数分裂后期都表现为不正常分裂。在本期Ⅱ主要产生多分体或多分体，而不是四分体，导致雄性不育，而双二倍性个体则部分雌性可育。因而对其双二倍性个体进行回交，易产生后代。另外，本文还阐明了合成八倍性双二倍性植株在遗传研究中的优越性。

Intergeneric hybrid and amphiploidy individuals of Triticnm aestivum L. (2n=42, AABBDD) with Dasypyrum (L.) Candargy (2n=14, VV) weregroduced by direct hybridization and colchicine treatment-The 4x (ABDV) hybridresembled its wheat parent exceFt comglete male sterility, and associated withbrittle and hairy rachis. It is suggested that there be a multigene system inthe genotypes of D,villosum to control homoeologous pairing in the F2's.Morphologically, 8x amphiploidy indviduals were similar to its F1's in every, andexhibited less yigorous and higbly male sterility and partially female fertility.The use and importance of D. villosum chromosomes in a pure common wheatbackground for wheat improvement and genetic study were suggested.