福建柏地理种源开花与结实变异规律的研究

Study on Law of Flower and Cone of Fokienia hodginsii Provenance

福建柏1年2次花期,春花期4 - 5月,果期10月,种子无生活力;秋花期9- 10月,果期翌年10月,种子有生活力,有效花期在秋季。种源花期及果期变异规律与适生区的地点、海拔、温度等地理气候因子紧密相关,总体变异规律:秋花期、球果成熟期、种子散落期山区比半山区早,半山区比丘陵区早,高海拔地区比低海拔地区早;同一地点和相同海拔高度,不同种源开花结实物候期相同,球果、种子形态特征及单果重、千粒重、发芽率差异不显著;不同地点和不同海拔高度,种源开花结实的物候期不同,果径、果高、单果重、种子数、千粒重、发芽率等主要指标差异显著或极显著。

Fokienia hodginsii flowers twice a year： one is spring flowering from April to May and the cone is ripe in October of the same year, while the seed has not viability; the other is autumn flowering that from September to October, and the cone is riping in October of next year, while the seed has viability. Biological and phenological characters of flower and cone are closely linked to geography and climate factors including place, altitude, temperature of natural distribution area and so on. Autumn flowering, fruit, maturity and seed falling were in mountainous areas earlier than in lower mountainous areas, and much earlier than in hilly areas, and in high altitude areas earlier than in low altitude areas. Phenology of flower and cone is the same among different provenances in same area and altitude. There were not obvious differences in the characters of cone and seed, one cone weight, thousand-seed weight and germination percentage. Phenology of flower and cone is different among different provenances in different areas altitude; there are obvious differences in the cone diameter, cone height, seed number, thousand-seed weight and germination percentage.