建立国际统一的管辖权和判决承认与执行制度——海牙《选择法院协议公约》述评

Establishing a Uniform International System of Jurisdiction and Recognition & Enforcement of Foreign Judgments——Comments on the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements

海牙国际私法会议于2005年6月所通过的《选择法院协议公约》系迄今为止国际社会在法院管辖权和外国法院判决承认和执行方面意义最为深远的一个公约。本文首先介绍了本文公约产生的背景以及公约的结构。之后,作者就公约中关于统一管辖权的规定进行了较为详细的评述:被选择法院行使管辖权的权利和应该行使管辖权的义务、未被选择法院不行使管辖权的义务以及临时保护措施不受公约约束的例外规定。关于公约中所规定的外国法院判决的承认与执行制度作者从六个方面进行了探讨:承认与执行外国判决的一般义务、承认与执行外国判决的例外情形、不审查与事实认定、先决问题、损害赔偿问题以及承认和执行外国判决的法律适用问题。

Convention on Choice of Court Agreements which was passed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law in June,2005 is the most significant convention to date in the international community in areas of jurisdiction of courts and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. At the start, this paper introduces a background of the Convention and its structure. Later,the author engages in some detailed analyses and comments on the Convention rules on the uniform jurisdiction, the rights and obligations of chosen courts to exercise jurisdiction, the obligations of courts not chosen to refrain from exercising jurisdiction,and the exception to the application of the Convention for interim measures of protection. On the Convention rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, the author performs a discussion from the following six aspects： a general obligation to recognize and enforce foreign judgments, exceptions to the general rule of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, no review and fact-finding, preliminary questions, damages, and choice of law in the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.