思茅市2003年乙型脑炎流行病学调查报告

Epidemiological Survey on Cephalitis B in Simao City in 2003

目的了解2003年思茅市乙脑流行特点和流行原因.方法进行乙脑病例个案调查,对住院后未死亡患者进行后遗症访视.结果乙脑发病率比2002年上升305.6%,死亡率上升24倍,发病分布占全市乡(镇)数的30.9%,农村病例为城镇病例的8.1倍,坝区发病人数显著高于山区,发病年龄明显高移,≥20岁者占32.9%,学生发病33例,占45.2%.6～9月发病人数占病例数的90.41%.乙脑患者病死率为32.2%,残疾率为26.3%.所有患者均无乙脑疫苗免疫史,患者蚊帐和灭蚊剂使用率分别为36.99%和4.1%.结论因多年低疫苗接种率和低发病率,使人群易感性增加,加之乙脑预防措施削弱,是造成乙脑流行的主要原因.

[ Objective] To learn the characteristics and causes of the prevalence of Cephalitis B in 2003 in Simao City. [ Methods] Case study was carried out on Cephalitis B patients about the sequelas. [Results] The incidence of Cephatitis B increased by 305.6%; the mortality increased by 24 times; the disease attacked 30.9 % of the city region; the cases in rural areas numbered 8.1 times of that in the urban areas; 32.9% of the patients were older than 20; 33 cases were students （45.2%） ; The mortality was 32.2% ; deformity rate was 26.3%. None of the cases had been immunized by Cephahtis vaccine. 36.99% and 4.1% of the patients had used mosquito nets and pesticide respectively. [Conclusion] lacking of vaccination and low incidence are the major causes for the increase of susceptibility among the populations of Simao City.