早期前列腺癌的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Prostate Cancer

随着前列腺癌发病率在我国的逐年升高,泌尿外科医生对此疾病的早期诊断与治疗也越来越关注。尽管美国的资料显示前列腺癌的筛查可以降低前列腺癌相关的死亡率,但对是否开展此项筛查依然存在争议。诊断方面依然以直肠指检(DRE)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和B超引导的经直肠前列腺穿刺活检为主。治疗方面强调对这类患者实施治愈性治疗手段如前列腺癌根治术和放疗。严密的随访可以尽早发现肿瘤复发并及时开始二线治愈性治疗。本文对早期前列腺癌诊断与治疗的现状进行了综述。

As the incidence of prostate cancer keeps rising in China, urological surgeons are more and more concerned about the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Despite the evidence that the prostate cancer screening program can help to decrease the mortal- ity relevant to the disease, it is still controversial whether to start this program in China. Digital rectal examination （ DRE）, prostate specific antigen （PSA） and ultrasound guided transrectal prostate biopsy remain to be the main approaches to the diagnosis of early prostate caner. As for the treatment of the disease, emphasis has been laid on curative approaches, such as radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy. And close follow-up has been stressed, as this might facilitate the early finding of possible relapse and hence the prompt initiation of the second line therapy.