论中美关系中的美国国会因素

An Analysis of the American Congress Factor in Sino-American Relationship

由于宪法机制上的含糊性,美国历史上存在对外政策上的“府会”之争。冷战结束以来,国会实现了一种在对外政策上的“复兴”。伴随这一历史背景,国会在美国对华决策机制中所起的作用越来越大。从历史线索整理当代中美关系发展史上国会在不同时期对中美关系的影响,可以概括出美国国会在中美关系中的主要地位作用,进而得出影响美国国会对华政策的关键性原因:国会内部微观因素和外部制约因素。在此基础上,可以预测美国国会对中美关系进一步发挥影响的可能趋势,进而提出中国政府做国会工作的几点对策。

There occurred disputes on the power of policy-making between the government and Congress in American foreign policy history. Since the end of the Cold War, the Congress has realized a revival in the diplomatic field. Under this historical background, American Congress plays an important role in the relationship with China. In this article, the author first generalizes the role and effect of the Congress in contemporary Sino-American relations, and then analyzes the constraints that influence the Congress＇ foreign polieies towards China. In this sense, the constraints can be classified into two levels, the Congress＇ internal microcosmic factor and external macrocosmic factor. The author also pats forward some strategies to deal with the Congress factor in Sino-American relations.