贵州薇菜资源调查及其生态因素研究

INVESTIGATION ON RESOURCES OF OSMUNDA JAPONICA AND STUDY ON ITS ECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN GUIZHOU

调查表明：薇菜是一种光温生态幅度宽，水分需求大的酸土植物，有紫、绿叶两种类型。贵州境内各县都有薇菜分布，以遵义、铜仁两地区，黔东南、黔南两自治州以及安顺地区北部、毕节地区东部等各县（市）分布相对集中，蕴蓄量大。薇菜都生长在海拔５００～２４００ｍ的黄壤、黄棕壤、黄红壤、酸性紫色土、山地草甸土等酸土地带；其中．在海拔８００～１８００ｍ，年阵雨后１１００ｍｍ以上。年降雨日数１６５～２１０天，雨水四季分配相对均匀的酸土地段。薇菜生长密茂。全省薇菜蕴蓄量年约５０００ｔ，１９９４年，在交通方便，海拔８００～１３００ｍ地段己开发利用约１５００ｔ。

The investigation indicated that the Osmnuda japonica is a kind of plant growingmacidic soil with widephotothermological ecological range and with a large quantity of rainful needed,it can be divided into twotypes of its frond,purple and green.Osmund a japonica is distributed in all counties of Guizhou but concen-trated relatively in Zunyi,Tong-ren,Qiandongnan and Qiannan,north An-shun,east Bijie.It basically growsfrom 500m to 2400 m ofaltitude and in the acidic soil such as yellow,yellow-brown,yellow-red,purple,moun-tain-grass etc.It grows denscly and luxuriantly in the area at the altitude 800～1800m,rainful 1100m ormore,and evenly distributed all year round,rainday 165～210 days,and acidic soil zone.The reserves of freshyoung frond of osmunda japonica is about 5000t annually.1500t was utillzed in 1991 at the area from 800mto 1300m where the transportation is convenient.