1991—2003年中国农村妇女分娩地点变化趋势

Structure of Delivery Place in Rural China from 1991 to 2003

目的描述1991年以来我国农村妇女分娩地点的变化趋势及在地区与人群间的分布。方法利用我国3次国家卫生服务调查资料进行描述与分析。结果我国农村妇女在家分娩的比例从1991—1993年的70.12%下降到2001—2003年的27.52%,住院分娩比例则从1991—1993年的27.30%提高到2001—2003年的68.92%;到县及县以上医院分娩比例上升的速率高于到乡镇卫生院分娩的比例;住院分娩率因年龄、生育史、收入、教育及职业的不同而不同。结论我国农村妇女的分娩地点逐渐从20世纪90年代初的以家庭分娩为主转向了近年的以住院分娩为主,但部分农村(如四类农村)地区妇女的住院分娩率还未达到《中国妇女发展纲要2000-2010》的要求。因此仍需努力提高农村尤其是落后地区农村妇女的住院分娩率。

OBJECTIVE To describe geographic and population distribution and trend of delivery place in rural China in last decade. METHODS To analysis data of three National Health Services Survey. RESULTS The proportion of home delivery decreased from 70.12% in 1991-1993 to 27.52% in 2001--2003 while the hospital delivery rose from 27.30%to 68.92% in the same period.The increase of delivery in county level or above hospitals was faster than that in township hospitals.The hospital delivery rate varied with the woman ＇ s age, history of childbearing, family income, education background, occupation etc. CONCLUSION The women delivery site in rural China has been gradually tranformed from home delivery to hospital delivery in past decade or so. However, in part of rural areas, especially in poor rural areas （such as in the fourth type of rural area）, the hospital delivery rate has not met the requirement of Guideline of Chinese Woman Development from 2000 to 2010. The more effort still needed to increase the hospital delivery rate in rural China, in particular, that in poor rural areas.