论多义现象的认知心理动因及社交语用功能

Polysymy and Its Socio-pragmatic Functions

歧义问题一直是心理语言学和语用学关注的焦点,而多义性现象近来成为认知语言学和计算语言学的一个热门话题。本文拟在前人研究的基础上,从不同视角探讨多义现象产生的认知、心理动因以及语用因素,认为以下五个方面的因素导致了多义性现象的产生:(1)概念与词汇之间的不完全映射;(2)隐喻理据与感知理据;(3)人们特殊的交际心理需要。本文紧接着援用“有目的的歧义”产生的基本原则探讨这类现象在广告宣传中所具有的独特语用交际功能。第三部分从用词条件,适切情景以及社会文化因素等三方面简要分析制约“有目的的歧义”使用的诸种因素。

While ambiguity has been a hot topic for quite some time in psycholinguistics and pragmatics, polysemy is now assumed to be a hot topic in cognitive linguistics and computer linguistics. However, all those approaches to polysemy and ambiguity work together either with “isolated ambiguous utterances” or with “dead polysemy”. Based on the relevant research, this paper explores the cognitive and psychological motivations of exploiting “the purposive ambiguity”, claiming the following factors are responsible for the generation, motivation and exploitation ofpolysemy, i.e., （ 1 ） the partial mapping between concepts and words; （2） metaphorical extension and perceptual motivation of objects; （3） communicators＇ desire for novelty and “poetic effect”. It then discusses socio-pragmatic functions ofpolysemy in advertising, which are evidenced in three aspects： attention-capturing, creation of amusements, and euphemistic effects; and finally it investigates the constraints on the purposive use of ambiguity in terms oflexical potentials, the appropriate conditions and socio-cultural constraints.