几个丛生竹开花授粉特性及麻竹苗期初步选择

The Characteristics of Flowering and Pollinating of Several Sympodial Bamboos and Elementary Selection of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Seedlings

对麻竹、绿竹、大头典、吊丝单、撑篙竹几个丛生竹种进行开花生物学特性观测和人工授粉;对麻竹进行苗期选择。结果表明:麻竹花雌雄蕊异时成熟,柱头和花粉发育良好,易于授粉;绿竹属3个竹种竹花雌蕊退化,花粉少或无,授粉困难;撑篙竹花雌雄蕊同时成熟。2002～2003年、2003～2004年分别收获麻竹种子388粒、麻竹种内和麻竹×绿竹种子1495粒,育苗成苗率分别为32.5%,36.5%。19个月龄的麻竹实生苗平均每丛发笋量为8.89秆,平均竹高187.08cm,平均地径1.66cm;在竹高、地径方面占优势的群体发笋数量中等。

The characteristics of flowering and fruiting after manual pollination were observed in sympodial bamboos of Dendrocalamus latiflorus ,Dendrocalamopsis oldhami ,D. beecheyana var. pubescens Keng f.,D. vario-striata Keng f. and Bambusa.pervariabilis . Seedling selection of D.latiflorus was conducted. The results showed that pistil and stamen are vigorous and mature at a different time in D.latiflorus Munro,so the pollination is easy. While in Dendrocalamopsis, the pistils are degenerated and the pollens are rare, it＇ s comparatively difficult for pollination. In Bumbusa, the pistil and stamen are strong and mature at the same time, so the pollination is simple. Respectively 388 and 1495 seeds were got in the year 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 by artificial pollination, and 126 and 457 seedlings grew up. Albinism and stripped seedling were found in the progenies. The shoot number, average high and diameter of D.latiflorus Munro at nineteen month old were 8.89,187.08 cm and 1.66 cm. Seedlings which have a good growth in height and diameter all have an average shoot number.