开发区建设与沿海湿地的保护──烟台夹河口沿海湿地的开发与保护剖析

Construction of Development Zone and Protection of Coastal Wetlands──Analysis of the Development and Protection of Coastal Wetlands in Jiahe River Mouth, Yantai

湿地为陆地上常年或季节性积水以及过湿的土地，还包括低潮时水深不超过６ｍ的水域，并与其衍生的生物种群构成特有的生态系统。我国是世界上湿地类型多，分布广的国家之一，按面积是世界上第三湿地大国．我国对湿地开发利用的历史悠久，早在周代就有利用湿地植物资源的记载，然而对湿地较系统的成因、保护及资源持续利用的研究则是在本世纪６０年代才开始．近几年由于对外开放发展经济的需要，在沿海兴建经济开发区，对湿地产生了伤害。本文以烟台夹河口沿海湿地的成因及其受损情况为例，探讨沿海开发区建设与湿地保护的问题，并提出一些保护措施。

Wetlands are land where waterlogging occurs throughout the year or seasonally.They are overwet lands, also including water areas with water depths not exceeding 6m during low tide periods. They constitute specific ecological systems with the biological populations derived from them. China is one of the countries with a great variety of types and wide distribution of wetlands and the third biggest wetland country in the world.Our country has a long history of developing and using wetlands. Early in the Zhou Dynasty there were records of using plant resources of wetlands. However, it was not until the 60's of this century that the studies on the origin, protection and sustained resource use of the wetlands had begun. In recent years, because of the need for the opening to the outside world and development of economy, the construction of the coastal development zones has caused damages to wetlands. By taking the origin of the coastal wetlands at the mouth of the Jiahe River, Yantai and the status of their damages as an example, this paper discuses problems of the construction of coastal development zone and protection of wetlands and puts forward some measures for their protection.