吉林省湖、库水质评估及其污染防治

EVALUATION AND PREVENTION OF LAKES AND RESERVOIRS NOURISHMENT IN JILIN PROVINCE, CHINA

湖、库富营养化是营养物质输入过程而引起的一种水效应。它不仅表现为水生植物和藻类的过度生长,同时还伴随着一系列的水质变化进而导致水质恶化,影响水体多种功能。本文以近年监测的主要湖、库的水质数据,采用主成分聚类分析和营养度评价方法对吉林省的主要湖、库的富营养化程度进行了分析与评价。这对区域水资源的合理开发利用,开展环境质量评价与预测,以及对制定湖、库富营养化防治对策具有重要意义。

Eeutrophication of lakes and reservoirs is the result of nourishing materials imported, which has an effect on water quality. It makes water plant and seaweed overgrowing, and is followed by a series of changing of water quality, deteriorating of water quality, and changing of many water functions. The factors of polluting lakes and reservoirs are increased continuously as the development of social economic construction grows fast and human activities becomes great in numbers in the regions of lake and reservoirs, which may make the eutrophica-tion of lakes and reservoirs very heavy. It is important to reinforce administration of lakes and reservoirs and to treat pollution in the way of comprehensive system. According to the data of water qualities for some main lakes and reservoirs that have been monitored in recent years, we used Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis to classify the lakes and reservoirs into six types, and also study water quality features and application functions for each type of lakes and reservoirs. The assessment method of eutrophication degree was used to assess the degree of eutrophication of some main lakes and reservoirs in Jilin Province, based on six factors of ChLa,TP,TN,CODMn,BODs and NO2-N. We also suggested the practical program of lake and reservoir protection for all of six types of lakes and reservoirs. It is very important for the development of regional resources of water, for assessment and prediction of environment quality and for the plans of controling eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs.