多剂量地塞米松和盐酸氨溴索对孕鼠和胎鼠的不良影响

The side effects of repeated dosage of dexamethasone and ambroxol on pregnant and fetal rats

目的探讨多剂量地塞米松和盐酸氨溴索对孕鼠和胎鼠的不良影响。方法选择18只妊娠16d SD孕鼠,随机分为生理盐水对照组、地塞米松组和盐酸氨溴索组3组,每组6只。于孕16、17、18 d尾静脉分别注射生理盐水2 m l/d、地塞米松0.8 m g.kg-1.d-1和盐酸氨溴索75 m g.kg-1.d-1,于孕第19天时剖宫取胎。观察孕鼠体重、胎鼠肝脏、肾脏及肾上腺结构,比较多剂量地塞米松和盐酸氨溴索对孕鼠和胎鼠的不良影响。结果多剂量地塞米松组孕鼠体重呈下降趋势,3组孕鼠体重于用药前(妊娠16 d)和用药后第1天各组体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);用药后第2天和第3天,地塞米松组孕鼠体重明显低于对照组和盐酸氨溴索组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多剂量地塞米松组12只胎鼠中有5只的肝脏呈不同程度的坏死,盐酸氨溴索组和对照组肝脏结构未见异常。结论产前应用多剂量地塞米松对孕鼠和胎鼠均有不同程度的副作用,而大剂量盐酸氨溴索未见明显的不良影响。

Objectives To explore the side effects of repeated dosage of dexamethasone（DXM） and ambroxol on pregnant and fetal rats. Methods Eighteen Sprague-Dawley（SD）, 16-day gestational rats were randomly divided into saline control group,DXM group and ambroxol group with six rats each.On gestational day 16, 17 and18, the rats were injected with saline 2 ml/d, DXM 0.8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, ambroxol 75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively through the caudal vein. The mother rats＇ weight was recorded every day.On gestational day 19,cesarean section was carried out and the structure of the fetal livers,kidneys and adrenal glands was observed with light microscope.A comparision of the side effects was made among the three groups. Results There was a reductive tendency in mother rat＇s weight in DXM group.The mother rats weight showed no significant difference among three groups before medication and the first day after medication;but two or three days after medication saw the mother rat＇s weight of DXM group be significantly lighter than that of ambroxol group and saline group （P〈0.05）;however ,there was no significant difference between ambroxol group and saline group（P〉0.05）;the fetal liver necrosis increased in DXM group. Conclusion There are,to a certain extent,side effects of repeated dosage of dexamethasone on pregnant and fetal rats ,while those of ambroxol （even in large dose） have not found so far.