促细胞黏附生长的自组装肽水凝胶

Self-assembly Peptide Hydrogels for Facilitating Cell Attachment and Outgrowth

随着细胞与组织工程的迅猛发展,能够促进细胞黏附、生长和分化的生物材料基质支架的研究日益重要。具有生物相容性且含水量超过99%的自组装肽水凝胶因其很好地符合理想的生物材料基质支架标准而备受重视。这类自我互补的两亲寡肽含50%的带电残基,并且以交替的离子亲水性和不带电的氨基酸残基周期性重复为特征;在其寡肽的氨基末端可用直接固相合成法修饰几个短序列生物活性模体进行功能化,用以促进不同细胞的黏附生长和靶向定位。现对自组装肽水凝胶的结构特征、自组装机制、对细胞黏附生长的影响以及未来自组装肽生物材料设计的目标进行综述。

Rapid development of cell/tissue engineering has underscored the importance of biological matrix scaffolds that can enhance cell attachment, outgrowth, and differentiation. Biocompatible and self-assembling peptide-hydrogels, which contain more than 99% water and meet the criteria for ideal biomaterial matrix scaffold, are thus highly appreciated. These self-complementary peptides contain 50% charged amino acid residues, and are characterized by periodical repeats of alternating ionic hydrophilic and uncharged hydrophobic residuals. Their N-termini can be modified by addition of peptide extensions directly during the solid-phase synthesis, to meet different functional demands such as attachment, outgrowth, as well as targeting of various cell types. In this paper, we summarize the molecular structure, mechanism of self-assembly, and major factors that influence the biological roles of self-assembling peptides, and the prospect of future directions of their designing.