从“以诗证史”到“以史证诗”——读陈寅恪《柳如是别传》札记

From History to Poetry: Notes on Chen Yinque's Unofficial Biography of Liu Rushi

陈寅恪《柳如是别传》的文体体现了他一向视语言为自身家园及文化传统载体的信念,更表明其晚年从“以诗证史”到“以史证诗”的诠释学转变。一面坚持严密精致的科学考据,一面寄托抒情想像,重构晚明文学文化之壮丽画面,激扬民族精神,使诗、史两者皆发挥至极致,遂造就一天壤间不世出之奇作。这一转变也表明他不仅摆脱德国“历史主义”的影响,而在人文精神上与“浪漫主义”的现代“诠释学”风云际会。且在主题和方法上,《柳如是别传》所包括的放逐和文化离散、性别研究、怀旧、边缘及文化政治、诠释意识和细读策略、学科跨际和文类交叉、互文性、杂交性及碎片性等,更预示了“后现代”的多元文化潮流。

Scholarly attention has rarely drawn to the language and style of Chen Yingue＇ s Unofficial Biography of Liu Rushi. This essay points out that its classical style manifests Chen＇ s faith in language as the dwelling of his life as well as the carrier of ctdtural tradition. The book shows a henneneutical shift in his late life from the historicism to humanistic henneneutics： on one hand Chen persists evidential approach in dealing with historical materials, and on the other enthusiastically searches for the national spirit while lyrically depicting the late Ming literati world. In a broader context, Chen＇s late ＂historical poetics＂ shares more with German romantic culture. Moreover, with a variety of elements such as exile, nostalgia, gender aesthetics, cultural marginality, close reading, genetic hybridity, interdisciplinality, and intertextuality, this masterful biography opens to cultural pluralism in postmodern era.