司法审查视野中的诉的利益

The Litigant Advantage in Judicial Review

司法审查之诉的利益是附着于起诉资格制度的一种救济必要性,在某种程度上可以理解为诉的资格的实质性内容。从起源的角度来看,诉的利益原本是民事诉讼中的一个概念。将“诉的利益”导入司法审查制度中主要有下述两方面的原因1·为了有效地保护公共利益;2·为了保持司法机关职权行使的正统性。与西方国家相比,我国司法审查中之“诉的利益”具有如下特点1·诉的利益的核心内容是“合法权益”;2·诉的利益的生成条件是原告的利益受到了被诉行政行为的侵犯;3·诉的利益的阻却性否定因素比较多。行政诉讼法关于“诉的利益”限定标准过于严格,不利于发挥行政诉讼的作用,对此必须进行改革。

The litigant advantage in judicial review is necessary to the redress, which is accreted in the institution of prosecuting qualification. It can be understand as the material content of prosecuting qualification. There are two causes for introducing this concept to the institution of judicial review： firstly, it is to safeguard the public interests effectively; secondly, it is to keep the legitimacy of the judicature. Compared with that of the Western countries, the Chinese institution of judicial review has some special features. The current demarcating criterion to the litigant advantage is excessively strict and should meet some change.