柏拉图的政治哲学及其对近代西方民主理论的影响

Plato's Political Philosophy and Its Influence on Modern Western Democratic Theory

柏拉图政治哲学中统治权理论和自由、民主、容忍三大悖论的提出对民主制度提出挑战,近代民主理论在深入分析柏拉图政治恩想的同时对其政治理论的核心问题——“谁应当统治”进行解构,并最终将此问题转换为“应如何对统治者进行管理”这一现代民主问题。其手段是从对执政者的人格设定入手,提出选择政治精英的制度理想和基本标准,揭示政治精英堕落为“无赖”的理论可能性,补充完善防范“无赖”的政治理念及其演变过程,进而对剥夺“握有利剑的疯人”的道德正义性和历史正义性进行理论论证。

Plato＇ s ruling power theory and his ideas of liberty, democracy and endurance challenged the democratic system. Modem democratic theory analyzed the core of Plato＇s political theory-“Who should rule” and turned it into “How to manage the rulers”. The ways as to how to manage the ruler are discussed in this paper.