高水头大流量泄洪消能研究　“八五”国家科技攻关专题简介

Research on the Flood Discharge and Energy Dissipation with High Head and Discharge ──Brief introduction to the Special Topic of Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technolo gy during the Eighth Five Year Plan of Cnina

本文扼要地介绍了国家“八五”科技攻关“高水头大流量泄洪消能研究”专题所取得的主要成果．根据小湾在可行性研究阶段所面临的一系列水力学问题，重点研究了泄洪消能布置及泄水建筑物体形优化，下游平衡冲深，水垫塘水力特性及体型优化，坝身泄洪引起的坝身振动，５０ｍ／ｓ级高速水流空化空蚀及减蚀措施，泄洪雾化影响及防护措施等方面的问题．并结合漫湾电站泄洪进行水力学方面的原型观测，为高坝建设积累经验．经过几年来的艰苦努力，取得了一系列突破性的科研成果，圆满地完成了攻关任务，其中大部分攻关成果巳为小湾设计采用．专题经专家鉴定为整体达国际先进水平，并有部分成果为国际领先水平．

Brief introduction is made about the main result of the'Research on the Find Discharge and Energy Dissipation with High Head and Discharge'. According to a series of problems encountered by the feasibility study of Xiaowan project,study on the layout of flood discharge and energy dissipation is important as well as the study on optimizing the shape of outlet structures,balancing the downstream depth of scour,optimizing the shape and hydraulic characteristics of water-cushioned pool,vibration of dam body caused by its flood discharge,cavitation,cavitation erosion and measures of reducing erosion for high - velocity flow at 50m/s,effect of aerosolization caused by flood discharge and its protective measures. In the tight of prototype observation of hydraulic during flood discharge,experience has been accumulated for high dam construction. After many years of hard work,a series of scientific research results with breakthrough are obtained so far,the tackling key problems was completed satisfactory. most of them has been adopted by the design of Xiaowan Project. This special topic was appraised by experts to be advanced world level as a whole,part of them lead the level worldwide.