论日本农村的第三部门

On the Third Sector of Japan’s Countryside

第三部门是为社会提供准公共物品和服务的社会团体或经济组织。在日本经济高速增长时期,第三部门以国土综合开发为契机,取得了空前的发展;在经济发展减速直至长期低迷,第三部门的数量增长开始放缓,但在日本的农村和农业领域则呈现出不衰的势头。我们认为:这是第三部门自身所具有的机能与日本对农村、农业过度保护的产物,是抑制农业产业衰退和遏制农村人口过疏的措施之一。但由于第三部门内部缺陷的存在,将其定位于过度性社会经济组织更具有现实意义。

As a social community or an economic organization that provides the society with quasi-public goods and services, the third sector of Japan had, during the fast-growth period of the country, grasped the opportunity of state land comprehensive development and gained unprecedented development. The growth of the quantity of the third sector slowed down along with the slowing and even the long-term slumping of the development of the country＇s economy.However, the third sector has kept its momentum in the countryside as well as in the agricultural field of the country even during this period. It is our opinion that this is resulted from the inherent enginery of the third sector as well as from Japan＇s over-protection of its countryside and agriculture. It is also one of the measures taken by the government to check the wearing-away of the agricultural industry and to alleviate the over-sparse settlement of the countryside. However, seeing the inborn defects of Japan＇s third sector, it seems to be more appropriate to define it as a transitional socioeconomic organization.