长江三角洲地区地下水环境质量评价

Groundwater quality evaluation in the delta area of the Yangtze River

本文以水质监测资料为基础,根据地下水质量标准和生活饮用水卫生标准,对长江三角洲地区地下水环境质量状况进行客观的综合评价,指出该区地下水质量在我国南方为较差地区,潜水水质自西部至东部沿海逐渐变差,由HCO3型淡水向Cl.HCO3型或Cl型咸水过渡。全区大部分地区浅层地下水普遍遭受不同程度的污染,其中经济发达、工业密集城市及乡镇受污染较为严重,水质显著恶化,城市主要污染指标有NO2-、NH4+、有机物等。并论述了由于不合理开发利用地下水引起的区域地下水位持续下降、地面沉降、地面塌陷、地下水污染等环境问题在空间上的分布特征及其规律,提出改善与保护地下水资源及合理开发利用地下水的对策与建议。

Based on the water quality monitoring data, the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater environment in the delta area of the Yangtze River was performed according to the ＇Groundwater Quality Standards＇ and ＇Health Standards for Domestic Drinking Water＇. The results indicate that groundwater quality becomes deteriorated in this area in southern China. The groundwater quality has a tendency to worsen from the west to the east along the coast, with the water type changing from HCO3 type to Cl·HCO3 or Cl type. Because the rapid urbanization and the impacts of human activity, the phreatic water was contaminated to a certain extent in most of the area, especially to the serious extent in the advanced economy and industry areas or urban and town areas. The key pollutants are NO2^- , NH4＋, organic substance etc. The reason is that unreasonable exploitation of groundwater have caused the groundwater levels to fall constantly, which induces environment problems such as land subsidence, land deformation, and groundwater contamination. The spatial distribution and its rule have been studied and the relevant measures and suggestions have been put forward to protect the groundwater resources and maintain its sustainable development.