棉花纤维品质与气象因子的定量分析

Quantitative analysis on the relationships between cotton fiber quality and meteorological factors

2002～2003年在南京、安阳、保定和石河子4地用'异地分期种植比较法'研究了气温及日照条件与棉花纤维品质的关系.结果表明,随纬度升高,由中熟棉区向北疆早熟棉区推移过程中,纤维加长,比强度下降,麦克隆值降低,可溶性糖含量增加.在建立棉花纤维比强度、麦克隆值和可溶性糖含量与温度和日照时数的生态模型的基础上,确定了棉铃发育期适宜温度范围或临界值.若以获得长度≥27 mm的优质纤维为先决条件,则分别以铃期日均温21.3～29.7℃、最低气温10.7～21.3℃、最大日温差不超过15.2℃为宜,日均温为25.4℃时,纤维最长;若以获得具有国际竞争优势的最低纤维长度(≥25 mm)为先决条件,则分别以铃期日均温不低于15.5℃、最低气温不低于10.7℃、最大日温差不超过17.9℃为宜.

With the method of planting cotton by stages at the sites from Yangtze valley to north Xinjiang, this paper studied the effects of air temperature and sunlight on cotton fiber quality in 2002～ 2003. The results showed that with increasing latitude, fiber length increased, while micronaire value and soluble sugar content（SSC） decreased. An ecological model describing the relationships of fiber strength, micronaire value and SSC with air temperature and sunlight was built to determine the optimal range and critical value of air temperature during boll development period. If a high quality fiber（length≥27 mm） was targeted, the daily mean temperature（DMT） and minimum temperature（Tmin） during this period should be 21.3 ～ 29.7 and 10.7 ～ 21.3 ℃, respectively, and the daily temperature difference（DTD） should not be 〉 15.2 ℃. Fiber length was the longest when the DMT was 25.4 ℃ . If the lowest fiber length was ≥25 mm, DMT and Tmin should not be lower than 15.5 and 10.7 ℃, respectively, and DTD should not be over 17.9 ℃ during boll development period.