区域农户农地流转行为对土地利用变化的影响——以江苏省兴化市为例

The Impact of Regional Farm Households' Farmland Transfer on Land Use Change: A Case Study of Xinghua City,Jiangsu Province

本文首先在理论上阐述了区域土地市场发育以及农户土地流转行为与土地利用变化之间的相互关系:在市场比较收益、农产品贸易和政府决策等因素的调控作用下,农村农地流转行为很大程度上改变了农村土地利用结构、利用方式以及利用强度。为进一步从农户层次上以及微观经济机制尺度上揭示农地市场对土地利用变化的影响程度,论文以泰州市兴化市的村庄及农户问卷调查数据为依据,建立了农户农地流转与土地利用变化之间的计量模型。模型运行的结果表明:农户拥有农地总面积、农地流转率、农产品销售率、粮食作物产值以及农业中非粮食作物产值等因素对农村土地利用变化有显著的影响;农地流转在很大程度上导致了土地利用类型的变化。最后,论文结合模型的分析结果提出了适度规模经营,调整农业产业结构,推进农产品市场贸易,规范政府行为以及改进农地流转机制等五方面的政策建议。

In recent years, the research of land use change focused on macroscopic dimensions, which made use of remote sensing images interpretation and “3s” technique in its analysis, and the behaviors of decision maker were ignored in some degree. Actually, it is the microeconomic individuals, which include the farm household who own use rights of collective land, the enterprise who own use rights of national land, government who represent nation exert ownership caused land use change, that have the direct and most important impact on land use change. The paper emphasizes on the research of land use behavior of micro-economic individual, the farm household, who is directly and closely related with farmland. Firstly, the paper expounds theoretically the relation between regional farmland market developments, farm households＇ behaviors of farmland transaction and land use change. The paper proved that farmland transfer has remarkably changed land use structure, land use model and land use intensity because of the influence of comparison of farm households＇ to profit, produce trade and government＇ s regulation. For example, in the region of Yangtze Delta, along with the gradual improvement of the rural land transfer system, the types of rural land use change from the economic crop produce to the aquatic farming; at the same time, the concept of proper scale operation has been accepted extensively by farm household. Through the field research in Xinghua, the paper found that out of 63 households of farmer who transferred farmland, 13 households＇ farmland is greater than 10 mu, which is 20.6% of households who transferred farmland. Consequently, farm households＇ farmland transfer has advanced regional land use change efficiently. For the purpose of inquiring the impact of farmland market on land use change in farm household level and in the micro-economic mechanism, the paper established an econometric model modeling the impacts by using the data achieved by farm household and village questionnaire research in Xinghua city of Jiangsu province. The result showed that farm household＇ s farmland area, farmland proportion, produce sales rate, grain crops output and output value exclude grain crops had significant influence on land use change; and farmland transferring is the leading factor that influenced land use change; and government＇s intervention on farmland transferring, the top educational status in family, nonagricultural earnings, Engel coefficient and educational disburse proportion in anticipation haven＇t dramatic influence. Finally, according to the result and conclusion, the paper gives some suggestions of improving management on farmland transfer, which include proper scale operation, adjustment of agriculture production structure, advancement of produce trade, normalization of government behavior and improvement of farmland transfer mechanism.