涨渡湖湿地恢复与生境改造对水禽生境的影响

Wetland Restoration & Habitat Rehabilitation and Their Ecological Consequences on Habitats of Waterbirds

结合世界自然基金会与湖北省政府在涨渡湖开展的湿地恢复与生境改造示范项目,本研究在对涨渡湖区湿地恢复生境改造规划设计的基础上,以该区域越冬水禽生境为标准,分析了涨渡湖区湿地恢复与生境改造所导致的水禽生境适宜性变化。研究结果表明:在实施生境改造、湿地恢复措施后,原来遭到人类活动干扰破坏,基本退化消失的核心生境、适宜生境等高等级生境适宜性等级有了大幅度的提高;同时通过废弃、重新调整生境敏感区域的道路和部分居民点等生境管理措施,能有效地减轻生境破碎化的影响,改善生境质量;对于高强度人类活动区域,虽然湿地恢复的规模和范围受到了很大的限制,但通过生境改造和管理措施,模拟、重建湿地生境,减轻人为干扰导致的生境破碎化影响,同样可以相当程度上提高有效核心生境面积,改善湿地生境质量。

This research explored the landscape targets and ecological measures for wetland restoration and habitat rehabilitation in the pilot area in response to the wetland restoration and habitat rehabilitation in Zhangdu Lake jointly initiated by WWF and Hubei provincial government recently. The ecological consequences of wetland restoration and habitat rehabilitation on habitats of waterbirds were evaluated based on these landscape targets and ecological measures by employing wintering habitat of potential endangered waterbirds as indicators. The results shows that the habitat suitability and quantity of core or suitable habitats can be generally improved and increased a lot, especially the striking increment of core or high quality habitat has emerged in former degraded wetland habitats, where the core or suitable habitat were almost eliminated by human disturbance. In addition, the valid habitat suitability ＆ quality can also be greatly enhanced by mitigation of existing serious habitat fragmentation through different management such as restructuring the road system and reallocating the residential sites in some sensitive habitat area. This research indicates that, even without the large scale wetland restoration in Zhangdu Lake, the valid core and suitable habitat can still be largely enhanced by the habitat rehabilitation and the management to reconstruct the degraded habitat and to mitigate the adverse impacts of habitat fragmentation. From this research, it is proposed that habitat rehabilitation-oriented modes of wetland restoration can be advocated and magnified in human dominated areas, especially the wetlands in metropolitan area like Zhangdu, where the scale and the magnitude of wetland restoration are heavily restricted by the social economic context.