南京城市生活垃圾资源循环型管理模式研究

Management Model of Municipal Solid Waste Towards a Circular Economy and Eco-City Development: A Case Study of Nanjing City

城市生活垃圾已经成为世界性的城市问题之一,在我国随着城市人口的快速增长,这个问题尤显严重与紧迫。事实上,城市生活垃圾是一种资源,而不应成为一个问题。本文以南京建设生态城市为例,分析城市生活垃圾的发生量和组分,比较传统线形经济条件下和循环经济条件下生活垃圾管理模式。新型的垃圾处置系统是在传统垃圾处置系统中融入循环经济的理念,构建“废物”→“废物处置”→“废物一体化管理”→“资源循环型管理”的层次体系。南京循环型生活垃圾管理系统包括资源化和经济产业化两个子系统,资源化子系统的核心是垃圾减量化、分类收集、分类处置和再循环利用;经济产业化子系统的核心是经济刺激、生态产业和生态消费等措施响应。

The problem of municipal solid waste （MSW） in China is expanding rapidly with the increasing urbanization process. The volume of MSW produced annually is increasing rapidly at close to 10% per year as a result of rapid urbanization, industrialization and economic development. In fact, MSW is a kind of resource, not a problem. This paper discusses the approaches and concepts about MSW disposal and management in Nanjing City, the capital of Jiangsu Province, China, analyzes the trends and main composition of MSW production, compares traditional linear economy disposal model with advanced circular economy disposal model. From waste, integrated waste management to integrated resource management, an advanced system of MSW disposal and management is constituted of resource sub-system and economic-industrialized sub- system based on circular economy. An evolutionary trend has been observed that begins with waste management primarily addressing the issue of public health and safety. Then through an organized system of waste management optimization, this initial approach is superseded by an integrated approach to waste management where economic and environmental concerns are added to the system. An integrated system includes a suitable waste collection and sorting system, followed by one or more of the following options： recovery of secondary materials recycling; biological treatment of organic materials; thermal treatment and landfill. These form an Integrated Management system of MSW in Nanjing City. To manage all wastes in an environmentally and economically sustainable way requires a range of these options. Effective schemes need to be designed, adapted and operated in the ways that best meet current social, economic and environmental conditions. This evolution of waste management systems should be encouraged, as this process will lead to sustainable urban environments. The measures of reduction, collection, reuse incentives, eco-industry and eco-consumption in the promotion of a high quality MSW eco-industry not and recycle in the resource sub-system, economic economic-industrialized sub-system are detailed. The only enhances social, economic and environmental efficiency, and promotes sustainable development, but can also help to reduce the risks of resource shortages and environmental deterioration. Commercialization of the MSW eco-industry is the optimal route for solving effectively MSW problem in Nanjing City.