草地生态系统服务功能的研究进展

Progress in Ecosystem Services of Grassland

草地是世界上分布最广的陆地生态系统,为人类提供了净初级物质生产、碳蓄积与碳汇、调节气候、涵养水源、水土保持和防风固沙、改良土壤、维持生物多样性等产品和服务,但是只有部分产品和服务的价值得到人们的认识和计量,并具有市场价值。目前相对于其他生态系统而言,对草地生态系统服务功能研究还进行的较少。总结发现,关于草地生态系统服务功能研究目前主要存在以下问题:①缺乏动态性研究;②缺乏空间异质性研究;③缺乏评价和计算的生态经济学逻辑框架体系;④价值评价的理论和方法还不完善;⑤缺乏人类干扰下服务功能的变化与响应研究;⑥对各类草地生态系统研究的针对性不强;⑦缺乏适合我国草地生态系统服务功能特征的评估体系与方法。根据以上研究不足,笔者认为在草地生态系统服务功能研究领域应当关注和加强以下问题:①逐步建立相对完善的草地生态系统服务功能和价值评价的逻辑框架体系和方法;②提高不同类型草地生态系统服务功能研究的针对性;③加强人类干扰下生态服务功能的变化和响应研究;④将RS和GIS技术应用到生态服务功能动态性和空间异质性研究。

The grassland biome covers an enormous fraction of the surface of the earth. Grassland ecosystem, as one of the most important parts of terrestrial ecosystem, plays an important role in global environment change. Grasslands produce an array of goods and services for mankind, but only a few of them have market value; simultaneously grassland ecosystems provide humans with many other vital and often unrecognized services. This paper reviews the research progress in grassland ecosystem services from different aspects including the ecological services of net primary product, carbon sink, atmospheric composition regulation, water holding, erosion control, soil melioration, and the maintenance of biodiversity based on great deal of former researches. There are several problems in the studies of grassland ecosystem services that include： 1 ） lack of dynamic research; 2） neglect of spatial change of ecosystem services; 3） lack of eco-economic logical frame of evaluation and calculation; 4） no good assessment approaches for economic value; 5 ） no consideration of ecosystem services change caused by human＇ activities; 6） using the same approaches to evaluate different ecosystems; 7） a few of researches focus on Chinese grassland ecosystems. So some priorities need more attention in future research of ecosystem services of grassland： 1 ） good eco-economic evaluating and calculating logical frame work; 2） seeking for the scientific methods for different ecosystem types of grassland; 3） research of ecosystem services change as a response of human activities; 4） combining dynamic research and spatial change of ecosystem services with the methods of RS ＆ GIS.