哈尔滨市儿童血铅水平及其影响因素

Investigation on Children Blood Lead Level and the Influential Factors in Harbin,China

目的探讨哈尔滨市儿童血铅水平的影响因素。方法于1999年4-6月选择哈尔滨市6个区眼包括污染区(即工业区)和清洁区(即商业区)演的6所幼儿园2～7岁605名学前儿童进行血铅测定及家庭装修、使用燃料、饮食等问卷调查。在上述地区采集大气、地面尘土、蔬菜样品测定其铅含量。结果污染区儿童血铅眼G±s:(0.479±0.013)μmol/L演高于清洁区眼G±s:(0.250±0.014)μmol/L演有统计学意义(P<0.05)。污染区大气铅浓度眼(2.037±0.455)μg/m3)高于清洁区眼(1.017±0.595)μg/m3演,污染区尘土铅含量眼(84.000±0.015)mg/kg演高于清洁区眼(72.000±0.025)mg/kg演,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),污染区和清洁区蔬菜铅含量差异无统计学意义。以血铅值为因变量,家庭装修、燃料、饮食等为自变量,经多元逐步回归分析(P=0.01),有10个因素被选入方程,其中,父亲接触铅、儿童饭前不洗手、室内家具为油漆面、经常在户外玩、儿童所在居住地、吃铁皮包装的罐头制品、经常吃花生等7项因素与儿童血铅水平呈显著正相关;经常吃豆制品、木耳、奶制品等3项因素与血铅水平呈显著负相关。结论哈尔滨市儿童血铅水平受多种因素影响,应预防环境铅污染对儿童健康危害。

Objective To understand the influential factors for blood lead level of children in Harbin. Methods The lead level in the air, dust, vegetables and the blood of 605 children aged 2-7 years were determineded and family fitment ,fuel combustion, the food consumption were investigated. Results The lead contents of air, dust in pollutant areas [（2.037±0.455）μg/m^3, （84.000±0.015）mg/kg] were higher compared with the control areas [（1.017 ±0.595）μg/m^3, （72.000±0.025）mg/kg], the differences were significant（P〈0.05）. The blood lead levels in pollutant areas [（0.479±0.013） μmol/L] was also higher than that in control area [（0.250±0.014）μmol/L] （P〈0.05）. The blood lead level was described as dependent variable and relevant factors of fitments, fuel, food etc as independent variables. The blood lead level was influenced by 25 factors by analyse of factors. Regression analysis was used to associated factors, 10 factors selected in the regression model included father lead exposure, did not wash their hands before the meal, the painted fitments in the rooms, usually play in the open air, the children＇s residence, sheet iron canned goods, peanut, bean, agaric and milk. Conclusion Blood lead level of children in Harbin is influenced by many factors. It is important for prevention and control of children lead poisoning to direct against the selected factors in the present paper.