聚氨酯涂层织物防水、透湿性能的研究

Waterproof, Water Vapor-permeable of Polyurethane Coated Fabrics

防水性能和透湿性能达到和谐统一是防水透湿织物需要解决的关键问题。这里基于对微孔亲水性和非亲水性聚氨酯(PU)涂层织物的防水、透湿性能和结构参数等的测试和研究,来阐明织物防水、透湿机理,透过聚氨酯(PU)涂层织物的水气总量由气相的“孔隙扩散”、气相和液相的“吸附—扩散—解吸”和液相的“毛细管传递”组成,织物的防水性能与液相的“吸附—扩散—解吸”有关,并受到液相的“毛细管传递”影响。

The waterproof breathable fabrics should have a high capacity for water vapor transmission nd water resistance. Experimental works were conducted on two types of waterproof breathable fabrics, which are hydrophilic PU coated fabrics and hydrophobic fabrics. The mechanisms of fabric＇s waterproof and water vapor-permeable were clarified. The total water vapor transfer rate included water vapor diffusion in the pore and adsorb-diffusion alone the hydrophilic group in PU. Water was adsorbed by the hydro.philic PU and evaporated into air when the condensation occurred on the fabric surface. This also made the fabric waterproof become weaker. Capillarity affected water transmission in micro pore.