大型原油浮顶罐设计施工运行应注意的问题

Points for Attention in the Design, Construction and Operation of Large Floating Roof Tanks.

随着我国国民经济的飞速发展,国内原油和成品油储罐越来越趋向大型化,其结构型式也多为浮顶罐。介绍了浮顶罐在使用过程中设计、施工及运行管理诸方面存在的问题,并对每一个问题都提出了改进意见。认为在重视罐体设计的同时,还应对其附件的设计和选型给以足够的重视,因为这些附件的损坏会直接影响整个罐体的安全运行。设计时适当提高罐内设施的质量等级和技术标准,尽量减少法兰连接等静密封泄漏点,从使用的长远观点来看,是事半功倍的。罐壁安装变形将严重影响刮蜡效果,挤坏密封系统,罐壁蜡层脱落又会砸坏浮顶附件,堵死排水管。一些附件焊高不够、焊缝长度不足及焊缝外观质量差等施工安装问题,都会对安全生产留有后患。在运行管理方面,应合理安排油罐的加温顺序,以确保收、付油温度高于凝点10℃以上。

Problems existing in design, construction and operation of floating roof tanks are introduced, and suggestions presented to solve the problems. In addition to the design of tank body, adequate attention shall be paid as well to the design and selection of tank accessaries, because damage to accessaries tends to infh ence directly normal tank operation. From a long-term point of view, it will pay to upgrade the quality and technical standards for the design of facilities in tank, and to minimize possible leaks in static seals, especially in flange connections. Tank shell deformation due to improper installation will severely reduce paraffin scraping efficiency and damage sealing system. The come off paraffin, in turn, tends to damage the accessaries in floating roof, block the drains, and cause fire in storm weather. Such problems in accessary welding as insufficient weld depth and length, and poor visual quality will cause future safety problems. Proper schedule for tank heating shall be arranged so as to recieve and discharge oil at a temperature above10℃.