包膜控释尿素对大棚番茄的增产与品质提高效应

Effects of coated urea on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato

对施用包膜控释尿素和普通尿素的大棚番茄进行了田间生产条件下产量与品质对比分析试验。结果表明:与普通尿素相比施用控释尿素有显著的增产效果。D 60控释处理(控释期60 d)产量最高,为68.85 t/hm2,比对照增产19.39 t/hm2,增产率为39.2%;比尿素增产10.10 t/hm2,增产率为17.2%;D 90(控释期90 d)比对照增产15.37 t/hm2,增产率为31.0%;比尿素增产6.08 t/hm2。增产率为10.3%;D 90与D 60两种控释尿素之间产量差异不显著。控释尿素具有增加单株果数、单果重的效果。D 90与D 60氮素当季利用率比普通尿素分别高65.5%和108.8%。硝酸盐含量,以D 90为最低,仅比对照高4.4%,比普通尿素低56%;D 60比对照高15%,比尿素处理低51.6%;尿素处理比对照高137.3%。V c和氨基酸含量,D 90为最高,分别比对照高1.00倍和2.46倍;比普通尿素处理高22%和100%;D 60与尿素两处理V c含量差异不显著,但氨基酸总量前者却比后者高48%。可溶性糖含量以D 60较高,普通尿素为最低。综合品质指标为:D 90>D 60>U。说明控释尿素具有显著地增产效应和提高蔬菜品质的突出效应,特别在提高蔬菜的安全品质方面贡献最大。综合各项,在番茄生产中以选用控释期为60 d的包膜控释尿素为最好。

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the yield and quality of tomato under greenhouse with the treatment of coated urea. The results showed that coated urea increased the yield of tomato remarkably compared with common urea ; the yield of D60 was the highest, being 68.85 t/hm^2, and the increase rate was 39.2% compared to CK and 17.2% compared to urea; the yield difference between the two varieties of coated urea （D90 and D60） was un-ignificant. Coated urea could increase the fruit number of single plant and the weight of single fruit. The nitrogen utilization efficiency of D90 and D60 was 65.5% and 108.8% higher respectively than urea; the nitrate content in fruits of D90 was 56% lower than that of urea and 4.4% higher than that of CK; and the nitrate content in fruits of D60 was 51.6% lower than that of urea and 15% higher than that of CK. The Vc and amino acid contents of D90 were the highest, being 100% and 246% higher respectively than that of CK, and 22% and 100% higher respectively than that of urea; the Vc content of D60 was similar to that of urea, while the amino acid content of D60 was 48% higher than that of urea. The soluble sugar content of D60 was the highest and that of urea was the lowest. The order of comprehensive quality index was： D90 〉D60〉U. It can be concluded that coated urea is effective in improving the yield and quality of tomato, especially in improving the safety quality. The best coated urea for tomato production was that with a releasing period of 60 d.