提高小麦×玉米产生的单倍体成胚率的研究

Study on Increasing Frequency of Haploid Embryo Production through Wheat × Maize

为了提高小麦×玉米产生单倍体的频率,采用人工控制环境条件的室内离体培养法和田间常规杂交法诱导小麦×玉米单倍体,研究了不同生长环境下的成胚率、环境温度对离体培养法成胚率以及T>10℃有效积温对常规杂交法成胚率的影响效果.结果表明,就平均成胚率而言,室内离体培养法(23.6%)高于常规杂交法(18.1%),且以20℃、光照3 000 Lx、12 h/d、相对湿度70%条件下离体培养杂交穗14 d获得的成胚率最高(28.6%);授粉后足够的T>10℃有效积温是高成胚率的必要条件,获得最高成胚率的T>10℃有效积温在187.9～254.9℃之间;授粉后环境温度是影响成胚速率的重要因素,以20℃最佳.

In order to increase the frequency of haploid production through wheat × maize, factors affecting the frequency of haploid embryo production, such as different culture condition ,environmental temperature and T〉 10℃ effective accumulated temperature, etc. , were studied by both in vitro cultivation methods in green house and general cross methods in field. The results showed that the average frequency of haploid production in vitro cultivation （23.6%） was higher than that in general cross methods （18.1%）. The frequency was the highest when embryos were cultured for 14 days under the conditions of 20℃ environmental temperature, 3 000 Lx, 12 h/d illumination and 70% relative humidity. In order to obtain the highest frequency of haploid production, enough effective accumulated temperature （T〉10℃） after pollination was necessary, and the effective accumulated temperature （T〉10℃） was in the range of 187.9～254.9℃. Environmental temperature after pollination was an important factor affecting the frequency of haploid production, and the optimal value was 20℃.